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Table 2 Co-integration results using the Phillips-Ouliaris (PO) test between daily infection data and daily death data with a positive seven-day lag in the FW time period. The null hypothesis indicates that there is no co-integration, and we use a 95% confidence level. DD* represents Death Data with a positive lag of seven days. Note: a – represents statistically significant co-integration in FW; b – represents statistically significant co-integration in TW1; c – represents statistically significant co-integration in TW2; d – represents statistically significant co-integration in TW3

From: A data-driven approach to study temporal characteristics of COVID-19 infection and death Time Series for twelve countries across six continents

Time Windows

 

 DD*

DD*

 DD*

 DD*

 DD*

 DD*

 DD*

 DD*

 DD*

 DD*

 DD*

 DD*

  

USA

UK

Germany

Sweden

Israel

Japan

South Korea

New Zealand

Brazil

South Africa

Nigeria

India

Infection Data

USA

(a,b,c,d)

           

UK

 

(a,b,d)

          

Germany

  

(a,b,c,d)

         

Sweden

   

(a,b,c,d)

        

Israel

    

(a,b,c,d)

       

Japan

     

(b)

      

South Korea

      

(c)

     

New Zealand

       

(b)

    

Brazil

        

(a,b,c,d)

   

South Africa

         

(a,b,c,d)

  

Nigeria

          

(a,b,c,d)

 

India

           

(a,b)