Fig. 4

Operating characteristics of 12 randomization approaches under the “base case” scenario

The displayed operating characteristics are: final treatment imbalance (top left plot); proportion of forced allocations (top right plot); proportion of patients not randomized due to drug supply shortage (bottom left plot); and drug overage (bottom right plot). The height of each bar (rectangle) is the simulated mean value of the measure of interest. Error bars are added to quantify uncertainty. The width of each error bar is equal to 1.645*SD, where SD is the simulated standard deviation of the measure of interest