Table 1 Aims and approaches of PPI [3]
|  | PPI as ‘means to an end’ | PPI as ‘end in itself’ |
|---|---|---|
Model | Consultation by invitation | Partnership/alliance |
Approach | • Top down • Pragmatic • Outcome oriented | • Bottom up • Rights based • Process oriented |
Purpose for research | • Increases the relevance of research • Increases the quality of research (adds insight to the design, methods and findings; assists in dissemination and implementation) | • Representation of community values and preferences • Transparency and accountability • Equalising elitist and exclusionary power imbalances between the public and the academic community |
Nature of involvement | • Information giving about decisions made • Invitation to respond | • Encourage new ideas and joint decision making |
Relationship | Transactional | Cooperative |