Fig. 2

Mean relative bias of each imputation method and each parameter under different simulation scenarios. The missing data mechanism was MNAR and \(C=4\). The missing rate was 20% and the sample size was 50. Each column represents one combination of parameters of interest and degree of ICS, with four different values of ICC. The black line is the reference line at 0; the grey line represents the results using the full data; the green line represents the results using complete case analysis; the blue line represents the results using FCS+CS; the red line represents the results using FCS; the purple line represents the results using JM+CS; the orange line represents the results using JM